Thermally Stable Solution Processed Vanadium Oxide as a Hole Extraction Layer in Organic Solar Cells
نویسندگان
چکیده
Low-temperature solution-processable vanadium oxide (V₂Ox) thin films have been employed as hole extraction layers (HELs) in polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. V₂Ox films were fabricated in air by spin-coating vanadium(V) oxytriisopropoxide (s-V₂Ox) at room temperature without the need for further thermal annealing. The deposited vanadium(V) oxytriisopropoxide film undergoes hydrolysis in air, converting to V₂Ox with optical and electronic properties comparable to vacuum-deposited V₂O₅. When s-V₂Ox thin films were annealed in air at temperatures of 100 °C and 200 °C, OPV devices showed similar results with good thermal stability and better light transparency. Annealing at 300 °C and 400 °C resulted in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5% with a decrement approximately 15% lower than that of unannealed films; this is due to the relative decrease in the shunt resistance (Rsh) and an increase in the series resistance (Rs) related to changes in the oxidation state of vanadium.
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